标签： PHP

PHP开发指南

关于编程生成UUID字符串的说明

一、在C#中生成UUID字符串：

// 创建GUID对象，通过GUID获取UUID
Guid guid = Guid.NewGuid();
// 返回UUID字符串
return guid.ToString();

二、在Java中生成UUID字符串：

// 创建UUID对象
UUID uuid = UUID.randomUUID();
// 返回UUID字符串
return uuid.toString();

三、在PHP中生成UUID字符串：

// 生成唯一标识字符串
$ids = strtolower ( md5 ( uniqid ( mt_rand (), true ) ) );
// 定义分隔符“-”
$hyphen = chr ( 45 );
// 构造UUID字符串
$uuid = substr ( $ids, 0, 8 );
$uuid .= $hyphen . substr ( $ids, 8, 4 );
$uuid .= $hyphen . substr ( $ids, 12, 4 );
$uuid .= $hyphen . substr ( $ids, 16, 4 );
$uuid .= $hyphen . substr ( $ids, 20, 12 );
// 返回UUID字符串
return $uuid;

四、在JavaScript中生成UUID字符串：

// 定义字符数组
var ids = [];
// 生成唯一标识字符数组
var hexDigits = "0123456789abcdef";
for (var i = 0; i < 36; i++) {
    ids[i] = hexDigits.substr(Math.floor(Math.random() * 0x10), 1);
}
ids[14] = "4";
ids[19] = hexDigits.substr((ids[19] & 0x3) | 0x8, 1);
// 定义分隔符“-”
ids[8] = ids[13] = ids[18] = ids[23] = "-";
// 构造UUID字符串
var uuid = ids.join("");
// 返回UUID字符串
return uuid;

更多信息请参阅：UUID_百度百科

关于编程生成MD5字符串的说明

一、在C#中生成MD5字符串：

// 要生成MD5的字符串
string text = "MD5";
// 获取字符串对应字符集的字节缓存数组
byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text);
// 创建MD5构造器
MD5 md5 = MD5.Create();
// 生成MD5字节缓存数组
buffer = md5.ComputeHash(buffer);
// 将MD5字节缓存数组构造成MD5字符串
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
foreach (byte item in buffer)
{
    stringBuilder.Append(item.ToString("x2"));
}
// 获取MD5字符串
return stringBuilder.ToString();

二、在Java中生成MD5字符串：

// 要生成MD5的字符串
String text = "MD5";
// 获取字符串对应字符集的字节缓存数组
byte[] buffer = text.getBytes("UTF-8");
// 创建MD5构造器
MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
messageDigest.reset();
// 生成MD5字节缓存数组
messageDigest.update(buffer);
buffer = messageDigest.digest();
// 将MD5字节缓存数组构造成MD5字符串
StringBuffer md5Buffer = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0, length = buffer.length; i < length; i++) {
    if (Integer.toHexString(0xFF & buffer[i]).length() == 1) {
        md5Buffer.append("0").append(Integer.toHexString(0xFF & buffer[i]));
    } else {
        md5Buffer.append(Integer.toHexString(0xFF & buffer[i]));
    }
}
// 获取MD5字符串
return md5Buffer.toString();

三、在PHP中生成MD5字符串：

// 要生成MD5的字符串
$text = 'MD5';
// 获取MD5字符串
return md5($text);

四、在JavaScript中生成MD5字符串：

// 定义MD5构造器
(function (window, undefined) {
    // 判断MD5构造器是否已经定义
    if (typeof (window.md5) == "function") {
        return;
    }
    // 定义MD5构造器相关function
    function safe_add(x, y) {
        var lsw = (x & 0xFFFF) + (y & 0xFFFF), msw = (x >> 16) + (y >> 16) + (lsw >> 16);
        return (msw << 16) | (lsw & 0xFFFF);
    }
    function bit_rol(num, cnt) {
        return (num << cnt) | (num >>> (32 - cnt));
    }
    function md5_cmn(q, a, b, x, s, t) {
        return safe_add(bit_rol(safe_add(safe_add(a, q), safe_add(x, t)), s), b);
    }
    function md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) {
        return md5_cmn((b & c) | ((~b) & d), a, b, x, s, t);
    }
    function md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) {
        return md5_cmn((b & d) | (c & (~d)), a, b, x, s, t);
    }
    function md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) {
        return md5_cmn(b ^ c ^ d, a, b, x, s, t);
    }
    function md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) {
        return md5_cmn(c ^ (b | (~d)), a, b, x, s, t);
    }
    function binl_md5(x, len) {
        x[len >> 5] |= 0x80 << (len % 32);
        x[(((len + 64) >>> 9) << 4) + 14] = len;
        var i, olda, oldb, oldc, oldd, a = 1732584193, b = -271733879, c = -1732584194, d = 271733878;
        for (i = 0; i < x.length; i += 16) {
            olda = a;
            oldb = b;
            oldc = c;
            oldd = d;
            a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i], 7, -680876936);
            d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i + 1], 12, -389564586);
            c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i + 2], 17, 606105819);
            b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i + 3], 22, -1044525330);
            a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i + 4], 7, -176418897);
            d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i + 5], 12, 1200080426);
            c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i + 6], 17, -1473231341);
            b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i + 7], 22, -45705983);
            a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i + 8], 7, 1770035416);
            d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i + 9], 12, -1958414417);
            c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i + 10], 17, -42063);
            b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i + 11], 22, -1990404162);
            a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i + 12], 7, 1804603682);
            d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i + 13], 12, -40341101);
            c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i + 14], 17, -1502002290);
            b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i + 15], 22, 1236535329);
            a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i + 1], 5, -165796510);
            d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i + 6], 9, -1069501632);
            c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i + 11], 14, 643717713);
            b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i], 20, -373897302);
            a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i + 5], 5, -701558691);
            d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i + 10], 9, 38016083);
            c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i + 15], 14, -660478335);
            b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i + 4], 20, -405537848);
            a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i + 9], 5, 568446438);
            d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i + 14], 9, -1019803690);
            c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i + 3], 14, -187363961);
            b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i + 8], 20, 1163531501);
            a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i + 13], 5, -1444681467);
            d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i + 2], 9, -51403784);
            c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i + 7], 14, 1735328473);
            b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i + 12], 20, -1926607734);
            a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i + 5], 4, -378558);
            d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i + 8], 11, -2022574463);
            c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i + 11], 16, 1839030562);
            b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i + 14], 23, -35309556);
            a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i + 1], 4, -1530992060);
            d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i + 4], 11, 1272893353);
            c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i + 7], 16, -155497632);
            b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i + 10], 23, -1094730640);
            a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i + 13], 4, 681279174);
            d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i], 11, -358537222);
            c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i + 3], 16, -722521979);
            b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i + 6], 23, 76029189);
            a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i + 9], 4, -640364487);
            d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i + 12], 11, -421815835);
            c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i + 15], 16, 530742520);
            b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i + 2], 23, -995338651);
            a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i], 6, -198630844);
            d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i + 7], 10, 1126891415);
            c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i + 14], 15, -1416354905);
            b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i + 5], 21, -57434055);
            a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i + 12], 6, 1700485571);
            d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i + 3], 10, -1894986606);
            c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i + 10], 15, -1051523);
            b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i + 1], 21, -2054922799);
            a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i + 8], 6, 1873313359);
            d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i + 15], 10, -30611744);
            c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i + 6], 15, -1560198380);
            b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i + 13], 21, 1309151649);
            a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i + 4], 6, -145523070);
            d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i + 11], 10, -1120210379);
            c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i + 2], 15, 718787259);
            b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i + 9], 21, -343485551);
            a = safe_add(a, olda);
            b = safe_add(b, oldb);
            c = safe_add(c, oldc);
            d = safe_add(d, oldd);
        }
        return [a, b, c, d];
    }
    function binl2rstr(input) {
        var i, output = '';
        for (i = 0; i < input.length * 32; i += 8) {
            output += String.fromCharCode((input[i >> 5] >>> (i % 32)) & 0xFF);
        }
        return output;
    }
    function rstr2binl(input) {
        var i, output = [];
        output[(input.length >> 2) - 1] = undefined;
        for (i = 0; i < output.length; i += 1) {
            output[i] = 0;
        }
        for (i = 0; i < input.length * 8; i += 8) {
            output[i >> 5] |= (input.charCodeAt(i / 8) & 0xFF) << (i % 32);
        }
        return output;
    }
    function rstr_md5(s) {
        return binl2rstr(binl_md5(rstr2binl(s), s.length * 8));
    }
    function rstr_hmac_md5(key, data) {
        var i, bkey = rstr2binl(key), ipad = [], opad = [], hash;
        ipad[15] = opad[15] = undefined;
        if (bkey.length > 16) {
            bkey = binl_md5(bkey, key.length * 8);
        }
        for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 1) {
            ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
            opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
        }
        hash = binl_md5(ipad.concat(rstr2binl(data)), 512 + data.length * 8);
        return binl2rstr(binl_md5(opad.concat(hash), 512 + 128));
    }
    function rstr2hex(input) {
        var hex_tab = '0123456789abcdef', output = '', x, i;
        for (i = 0; i < input.length; i += 1) {
            x = input.charCodeAt(i);
            output += hex_tab.charAt((x >>> 4) & 0x0F) + hex_tab.charAt(x & 0x0F);
        }
        return output;
    }
    function str2rstr_utf8(input) {
        return unescape(encodeURIComponent(input));
    }
    function raw_md5(s) {
        return rstr_md5(str2rstr_utf8(s));
    }
    function hex_md5(s) {
        return rstr2hex(raw_md5(s));
    }
    function raw_hmac_md5(k, d) {
        return rstr_hmac_md5(str2rstr_utf8(k), str2rstr_utf8(d));
    }
    function hex_hmac_md5(k, d) {
        return rstr2hex(raw_hmac_md5(k, d));
    }
    /**
    * text：要生成MD5的字符串
    * return：返回生成的MD5字符串
    */
    window.md5 = function (text, key, raw) {
        if (!key) {
            if (!raw) {
                return hex_md5(text);
            }
            return raw_md5(text);
        }
        if (!raw) {
            return hex_hmac_md5(key, text);
        }
        return raw_hmac_md5(key, text);
    };
})(window);

// 要生成MD5的字符串
var text = "MD5";
// 获取MD5字符串
return md5(text);

更多信息请参阅：MD5_百度百科

关于PHP中获取网页源代码的说明

PHP的fopen()方法将指定的文件资源绑定到一个流上。如果文件路径是”scheme://…” 的格式，则被当成一个URL，PHP将搜索对应的协议处理器（也被称为封装协议）来处理此模式。因此可以通过fopen()方法来获取大部分的网页前台源代码。

但是，很多网站出于安全性考虑，在处理请求时，往往会对请求来源的合法性进行验证，这个时候简单的通过上述方式来获取网页源代码时，将会被目标服务器拒绝。此时，我们就需要模拟HTTP的方式来发送GET/POST请求，从而合法得通过目标服务器的验证，再通过获取请求的响应输出流来得到网页前台源代码。

下面是利用fsockopen方法打开网站的Scoket连接，通过构造并发送HTTP报文头来模拟HTTP情求来实现获取网页源代码的方法：

// 需要访问的网页地址
$url = “http://www.example.com/index.html”;
// 打开网页Scoket连接
$handler = fopen($url, "r");
if (!$handler) {
    // 发送HTTP报文头
    $host = "www.example.com";
    $request = "/index.html";
    $header = "GET " . $request . " HTTP/1.1\r\n";
    $header .= "Host: " . $host . "\r\n";
    $header .= "Connection: Close\r\n\r\n";
    $handler = fsockopen($host, 80);
    fwrite($handler, $header);
}
// 读取网页响应数据
while (!feof($handler)) {
    $line = fgets($handler, 1024);
    echo($line);
}
// 关闭网页Scoket连接
fclose($handler);

其中HTTP报文头的结构可以根据网页请求的具体需要来添加其它相关信息。

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